PHIL-101 Introduction to Philosophy

Fall. Credits: 4

This course will explore topics that philosophers have grappled with for thousands of years, and that still undergird (or sometimes threaten to undermine) our understanding of the world, our knowledge, ourselves, and each other. In historical and modern texts of the Western intellectual tradition, we will discuss questions such as: What makes right actions right, if anything? Do you know anything at all about the future? Are you really free if your actions are caused? This class is for first and second year students who know nothing about philosophy, and want to know whether they will be interested in it.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
S. Mitchell
Restrictions: This course is limited to first-years and sophomores.

PHIL-103 Comparative Introduction to Philosophy

Spring. Credits: 4

What kind of life should a person live? What can we know about the world? Do we have souls that are separate from our bodies? The aim of the course is to learn how to do philosophy by engaging with philosophical thinkers from around the globe. We read some philosophers from the Western tradition (such as Plato and Sartre) alongside philosophers from other historical traditions, such as the Daoist thinker Zhuangzi and the Sufi mystic al-Ghazali, and we also read the work of more recent philosophers of color (such as Anthony Appiah and Maria Lugones).

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities; Multicultural Perspectives
J. Harold
Restrictions: This course is limited to first-years and sophomores.
Advisory: Students who have taken PHIL-101 should not take PHIL-103.
Notes: Course will open to juniors and seniors in second week of pre-registration.

PHIL-112 Introduction to Philosophy Through Science Fiction

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

This course introduces students to philosophical writing, analysis, and argument. We will pair classical and contemporary readings in philosophy with science fiction films and short stories in order to explore philosophical issues such as the nature of reality, free will, personal identity, artificial intelligence and the nature of mind. While science fiction will be used to animate and explore these issues, the emphasis of the class is on philosophical analysis and argument.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
L. Sizer

PHIL-161 Science and Human Values

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Modern science has taught us surprising new things and modern technology has given us extraordinary new abilities. We can now prolong life in extraordinary ways, dramatically enhance our physical and cognitive abilities, collect and process remarkable amounts of data, and radically reshape the natural environment on local and global scales. This course is devoted to the critical study of moral problems that have been raised or affected by this newfound information and these newfound abilities. Potential topics include euthanasia, pharmaceutical enhancement, genetic engineering, the moral status of animals, climate change, and artificial intelligence.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery
Restrictions: This course is limited to first-years and sophomores.

PHIL-170 Logical Thought

Fall. Credits: 4

This course cultivates sound reasoning. Students will learn to see the structure of claims and arguments and to use those structures in developing strong arguments and exposing shoddy ones. We will learn to evaluate arguments on the strength of the reasoning rather than on the force of their associations and buzzwords.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery
Restrictions: This course is offered to philosophy majors only.

PHIL-180 Topics in Applied Philosophy

These courses ask questions about the ethical and/or conceptual problems pertaining to a practice, such as law, medicine, or caring for the natural environment. Such courses are suitable for philosophy majors as well as for students who are new to philosophy but who are interested in the relevant practice.

PHIL-180DE Topics in Applied Philosophy: 'Data Ethics'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

This course is an introduction to ethical issues related to computing technology and the collection and use of data in society. Case studies illustrate beneficial and novel uses of computing technology and data, while highlighting the serious problems that may arise as a result of automation, misinformation, the loss of privacy, the concentration of power, and biases of race, gender, and class. We study principles that guide uses of computing technology and data collection, storage, analysis, and application. We will identify and explore a range of issues implicated by these practices and how ethical theory might inform thinking about our obligations -- professional, social, and individual.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
L. SIzer
Restrictions: This course is limited to first-years, sophomores, and juniors

PHIL-181 Medical Ethics

Fall. Credits: 4

Contemporary medicine gives rise to a variety of moral and philosophical questions. What are the responsibilities of medical researchers towards their subjects? How can we best understand the nature of disability? What moral duties do we have to those at the beginning of life? Do we have reason to be worried about the growth of technology in medicine> How should limited health care resources be distributed? The goals of this course are to improve our understanding of the best arguments on different sides of these questions and to acquire the tools to evaluate those arguments. The course will begin with a theory section, where we survey three influential theories -- utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and Rossian ethics -- each of which will be helpful towards finding reasonable answers to questions within medical ethics.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
B. Wermcrantz

PHIL-201 Philosophical Foundations of Western Thought: The Greek Period

Fall. Credits: 4

An introduction to ancient Greek philosophy, focusing mainly but not exclusively on the works and ideas of three Athenian philosophers who worked and taught in the period between the Persian Wars and the rule of Alexander the Great, more than 2,300 years ago: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Topics to be discussed include: What is the nature of the self? What is truth, and how can it be known? What kind of life should we live? We will work to understand each philosopher's responses to these questions, but we will also learn to develop our own answers. We will take care to place these figures and their works in their historical and cultural context.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Harold
Restrictions: This course is limited to philosophy majors and minors.
Notes: Course will open to non-Philosophy majors/minors in the second week of pre-registration.

PHIL-202 Philosophical Foundations of Western Thought: The Modern Period

Spring. Credits: 4

Philosophy was transformed during the 17th and 18th centuries, in a period known as the Modern period, or the Enlightenment. This period is important for the background of our current views both in Philosophy and in intellectual endeavor generally. In this course, we'll look at the major figures involved in this transformation, and the positions about knowledge and reality that they defended. We'll have selections from the work of Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. We might not cover all of these, but will get to most.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
S. Mitchell
Notes: Evaluation is by three essays.

PHIL-205 Ethics

Fall. Credits: 4

What do we owe to ourselves and to others? Which actions are right, which are wrong, and how can we tell the difference? Can we give principled answers to questions like these, or is it just a matter of opinion? We will think critically about such questions and some key theoretical approaches to answering them. We will focus on central traditions of Western moral philosophy, typified by Mill, Kant, and Aristotle. We will also consider vexing contemporary moral issues with an eye to whether these theories can guide our actions. Along the way, we will ask whether the moral theorizing we engage in can really uncover objective moral truths.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
D. Turon

PHIL-212 Philosophical Foundations of Chinese Thought: The Ancient Period

Spring. Credits: 4

An introduction to Chinese thought during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (roughly 770-256 BCE), a time of remarkable philosophical growth and controversy. We read the works of this era's most influential philosophers, including: Kongzi (Confucius), Mozi, Laozi, Mengzi (Mencius), Zhuangzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi. Topics discussed include: What makes for a just ruler? What kind of life should we live? What is our relationship to nature? We work to understand each philosopher's responses to these questions, but we also learn to develop our own answers. We take care to place these figures and their works in their historical and cultural context.

Crosslisted as: ASIAN-214
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities; Multicultural Perspectives
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
D. Turon

PHIL-222 Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Although quantum mechanics is a remarkably successful scientific theory, it also leads scientists to make extraordinary claims like that cats can be both dead and alive and that the state of a fundamental particle depends on whether someone one is observing it. In this class we will consider the various interpretations of quantum mechanics and the way in which those interpretations influence and are influenced by philosophical issues in science more generally.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery
Advisory: No previous work in physics is necessary, but students should be prepared to learn some mathematical formalism involving basic algebra and trigonometry.

PHIL-225 Symbolic Logic

Spring. Credits: 4

This course develops a symbolic system that can be used as the basis for inference in all fields. It will provide syntax and semantics for the language of this system and investigate its adequacy. It provides the basis for all further work in logic or in the philosophical foundations of mathematics. Much of the course has a mathematical flavor, but no knowledge of mathematics is necessary.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
S. Mitchell

PHIL-226 Philosophy of Religion

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Is there a God? If there is, what is God like? Could all religions be true, or are they contradictory? Is religion in conflict with science? Can we have morality without religion? What happens when we die? In this class, we will consider arguments for and against different positions that people have on these questions. This course will give students a sense of the issues that philosophers of religion are currently thinking and writing about. As we think through topics such as these, we will be working to develop and hone philosophical skills such as analyzing concepts, constructing and critiquing arguments, and evaluating philosophical theories.

Crosslisted as: RELIG-226
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Mooney

PHIL-242 Social and Political Philosophy

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

We will examine the place of liberty and equality in a just society by looking at classic and contemporary topics in social and political philosophy. We will consider big questions such as the following: what is liberty and why is it important? What about equality? Do these values conflict? Or can a society ensure both? We will also consider more narrow, practical questions on topics such as immigration, voting, commodification, reparations, freedom of expression, and a universal basic income.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
The department

PHIL-243 Science and Human Values

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Modern science has taught us surprising new things and modern technology has given us extraordinary new abilities. We can now prolong life in extraordinary ways, dramatically enhance our physical and cognitive abilities, collect and process remarkable amounts of data, and radically reshape the natural environment on local and global scales. This course is devoted to the critical study of moral problems that have been raised or affected by this newfound information and these newfound abilities. Potential topics include euthanasia, pharmaceutical enhancement, genetic engineering, the moral status of animals, climate change, and artificial intelligence.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery

PHIL-250 Topics in Philosophy

PHIL-250CN Topics in Philosophy: 'Consciousness'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Nagel states, "Without consciousness the mind-body problem would be much less interesting. With consciousness it seems hopeless." Chalmers calls consciousness "the hard problem." Explaining consciousness raises significant challenges for philosophers and cognitive scientists alike, and understanding the nature of the problem is half the battle. This class will explore contemporary philosophical approaches to consciousness, and draw in psychology and neuroscience perspectives. Topics may also include split-brain problems, the nature of dreaming, and altered states.

Crosslisted as: PSYCH-249CN
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
L. Sizer
Prereq: One course in philosophy and either a second course in philosophy or a course in neuroscience.

PHIL-250HG Topics in Philosophy: 'Happiness and The Good Life'

Fall. Credits: 4

Philosophers through the ages have asked about the nature of happiness and its contribution to the 'good life.' Happiness is something we all want, but what is it? And why do we all want it so much? What makes us happy and why? Is a 'good life' also a happy one? This course will examine happiness from several different perspectives. We will look at what both ancient and contemporary philosophers have said about the nature and importance of happiness in our lives. We will also look at some recent work in positive psychology and think about how that empirical work augments, challenges or contrasts with the philosophical accounts. This is a writing-intensive course that focuses on developing skills in philosophical reading, analysis, and writing.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
L. Sizer

PHIL-255 Existentialism

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Modernity has brought with it scientific and technological wonders, but it has also uprooted millennia-old convictions about God, morality, and humanity's place in the universe. In a secular society, how should we choose which values to adopt, or what path in life we should follow? How can we be authentic or true to ourselves in a culture that rewards conformity? What, moreover, is the meaning of life? Existentialism, a philosophical movement that flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, is unique in trying to provide answers to these questions. Readings are drawn both from philosophical works and from existentialist authors like Kafka, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Koon, M. O'Rourke-Friel

PHIL-260 Topics in Applied Philosophy

These courses ask questions about the ethical and/or conceptual problems pertaining to a practice, such as law, medicine, or caring for the natural environment. Such courses are suitable for philosophy majors as well as for students who are new to philosophy but who are interested in the relevant practice.

PHIL-260AR Topics in Applied Philosophy: 'Ethics and Artificial Intelligence'

Spring. Credits: 4

Artificially intelligent technologies are prominent features of modern life -- as are ethical concerns about their programming and use. In this class we will use the tools of philosophy to explore and critically evaluate ethical issues raised by current and future AI technologies. Topics may include issues of privacy and transparency in online data collection, concerns about social justice in the use of algorithms in areas like hiring and criminal justice, and the goals of developing general versus special purpose AI. We will also look at ethics for AI: the nature of AI 'minds,' the possibility of creating more ethical AI systems, and when and if AIs themselves might deserve moral rights.

Crosslisted as: DATA-225AR, EOS-299AR
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
L. Sizer

PHIL-260EB Topics in Applied Philosophy: 'Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Business'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

This course uses the traditional approaches of moral philosophy to explore ethical challenges and obligations faced by individuals, businesses, and organizations in an increasingly complex global environment. Through consideration of philosophical theories and particular cases we explore issues such as the social roles and ethical obligations of businesses or organizations; rights and responsibilities of workers, managers, and owners; ethics in sales and marketing; and ethics in a global business environment.

Crosslisted as: EOS-249
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
L. Sizer
Notes: This course is strongly recommended for students interested in participating in the International Business Ethics Case Competition.

PHIL-272 Metaphysics

Fall. Credits: 4

Metaphysics is the study of what world is like. This course will survey of some major topics in metaphysics, with a particular focus on radical metaphysical arguments -- arguments that call into question our most basic beliefs about the world. Examples of questions that we will consider include: Do ordinary objects exist? Is there anything that makes persons distinct from other sorts of objects? Could things have been different than the way they in fact are? In answering these questions we will investigate the nature of composite objects, the criteria for personal identity, and the metaphysics of causation, laws of nature, and modality.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery

PHIL-273 Philosophy of the Arts

Spring. Credits: 4

The purpose of this course is to explore philosophical problems concerning the arts and aesthetic experience. Some questions to be explored include: What is the difference between beauty and moral goodness? Can artistic taste be objective? What does it mean for a work of music to be 'sad'? Are the intentions of artists relevant to appreciation? What is the purpose of art criticism? How do pictures represent their objects? Readings will be drawn from both historical and contemporary philosophical writings.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Harold

PHIL-281 Advanced Studies in Epistemology

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

As the study of knowledge and related concepts like justification, rationality, and evidence, epistemology is of central importance, and not just to philosophy. This course provides an introduction to epistemology through a number of epistemological problems or puzzles about skepticism, dogmatism, and humility.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
K. Vavova
Prereq: 4 credits in Philosophy.
Advisory: The required credits should be from a course with a substantial writing component. If in doubt ask instructor.

PHIL-289 Advanced Studies in Philosophy

PHIL-289PM Advanced Studies in Philosophy: 'Advanced Studies in Philosophy of 'Mind'

Fall. Credits: 4

This course focuses on the relationship between minds and bodies (the 'mind-body problem'), and the nature of mental phenomena. We will discuss the nature of mental features such as thoughts, sensations, emotions and consciousness, and consider their relationship to the seemingly unthinking, unfeeling, grey matter of the brain. We will read some historical responses to these issues but will focus on insights provided by contemporary philosophy and sciences of the mind, including neuroscience.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
L. Sizer
Prereq: 4 credits in Philosophy.
Advisory: Students who do not meet the prerequisite but are working towards the Five College Cognitive Neuroscience certificate are encouraged to contact the instructor.

PHIL-295 Independent Study

Fall and Spring. Credits: 1 - 4

The department
Instructor permission required.

PHIL-328 Non-Classical Logic

Fall. Credits: 4

This course looks at the recent flowering of non-classical logics. The most prominent are modal logics concerning necessity and possibility, which have come to dominate work in metaphysics and epistemology. Conditional logics, intuitionist logics, and relevance logics have also become important. These logics are particularly useful in graduate-level classes in philosophy but also are interesting in their own right.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
S. Mitchell
Prereq: PHIL-225, MATH-232, or 8 credits in Philosophy.
Advisory: One course in Logic, Mathematics, Computer Science or PHIL-225.

PHIL-334 Topics in Ethics

PHIL-334KR Topics in Ethics: 'Knowing Right from Wrong'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

We know it's wrong to kick puppies for fun -- morally wrong. But how do we know this? Wait -- do we know it? This class is about moral knowledge: what it is, if we have it, and how we get it (when we do have it). We'll consider questions in moral epistemology such as: Can we gain moral knowledge from testimony? What are the implications of the prevalence of moral disagreement? Do our evolutionary origins pose a challenge to our moral beliefs? And, more generally, should we be moral skeptics?

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
K. Vavova
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department in writing intensive courses.

PHIL-334MA Topics in Ethics: 'Immoral Art'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

From Plato's attacks on Homer's poems to the protests against D.W. Griffith's racist film The Birth of a Nation to the recent spotlight cast by the #metoo movement, it is clear that the relationship between art and morality is a difficult one. Are some works of art inherently immoral? If so, why? What should we say about works of art that are created by immoral artists? Or works that have morally troubling social effects? What is the relationship between an artwork's moral status and its value as a work of art? Are moral and aesthetic judgments objective? How are they related? We will survey the current state of the philosophical debate over the conflict between moral and aesthetic value.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
J. Harold
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department.
Advisory: One previous course in ethics or philosophy of art; at least one course in philosophy that is writing-intensive.

PHIL-334MR Topics in Ethics: 'Moral Relativism'

Fall. Credits: 4

Moral relativism describes a family of views that deny the universality of moral claims. So, for example, some philosophers have claimed that statements like 'Torture is morally wrong' can only be assessed as 'true' or 'false' relative to some social agreement about moral norms. In this course, we will survey some contemporary attempts to develop and defend moral relativism, as well as some criticisms of these relativist approaches. Our goal will be to assess arguments for and against moral relativism. Prior coursework in ethics and logic is recommended.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Harold
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department.

PHIL-334NE Topics in Ethics: 'Neuroethics'

Spring. Credits: 4

Neuroethics draws on the tools of philosophical analysis to investigate the role of neuroscience in our personal, social, and ethical lives. This class will look at the ethics of neuroscientific interventions such as cognitive enhancement, mind reading, and lie detection. We will examine how the neurosciences might inform philosophical discussions about human nature, personality, and ethics. In addition, we will look at the evidential role of neuroscientific evidence and how neuroscience technologies such as fMRI have influenced our thinking about the mind/ brain and person.

Crosslisted as: NEURO-309NE, PSYCH-350NE
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
L. Sizer
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department or 4 credits from Philosophy and 4 credits from Neuroscience and Behavior.

PHIL-350 Topics in Philosophy

PHIL-350FR Topics in Philosophy: 'Freedom and Responsibility'

Spring. Credits: 4

Is free will possible if all our actions are causally determined? Might we be justified in blaming, praising, rewarding, or punishing people even if their actions are not free? Abstract metaphysical questions about freedom intersect in important ways with everyday problems in our relationships with others and our attitudes about moral ignorance, addiction, and madness. This course will examine these issues side by side in the hope of improving our understanding of freedom and responsibility.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
K. Vavova
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department.
Advisory: The required credits should be from a course with a substantial writing component. If in doubt ask instructor.

PHIL-350MD Topics in Philosophy: 'Meaning and Reality: Michael Dummett'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

This course is a study of 20th Century analytic philosophy using one philosopher to focus the course, Michael Dummett. Dummett was one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century. He gave a theory of meaning using work by Frege and Wittgenstein. He then used this to argue that if our knowledge of the Universe is to be objective, then we cannot conceive of that Universe as real. That is, it is not in existence independently of our ability to find out about it. He was the first to introduce non-classical logic as a means to address the nature of truth. This introduction to his work will fill in the background to this argument, and thereby give an overview of 20th century philosophy.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
S. Mitchell
Prereq: One logic course (which may be at the 100 level) and 8 credits in the department at the 200 level or above.

PHIL-350PB Topics in Philosophy: 'Public Philosophy'

Spring. Credits: 4

In this course we will take up the question of what it means to investigate a philosophical question in a way that is accessible to a broad audience. Students will develop their own philosophical project in an academically rigorous way and then find a way to present that project outside the classroom. Along the way we investigate the question of what counts as philosophy and why. Students should have extensive experience writing philosophy papers and be ready and willing to work independently on a philosophical topic of their choosing.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
N. Emery
Prereq: 8 credits in Philosophy.

PHIL-350SE Topics in Philosophy: 'Philosophy and Science of Emotion'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

This course is an interdisciplinary investigation of the nature of emotions and their influences on our thoughts and actions. While we will draw from a variety of disciplines, the nature and motivations of the inquiry are philosophical. We will consider: what are emotions? Are they bodily responses? Thoughts? Feelings? What roles do cultures play in shaping our emotions? What functions do emotions serve? We will examine evidence and arguments offered by philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, anthropology and evolutionary theory, and consider how these perspectives do or don't inform each other, as well as how they can help us understand the nature of emotions.

Crosslisted as: NEURO-309SE
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
L. Sizer
Prereq: 8 credits in Philosophy or Neuroscience and Behavior, or 4 credits in each.

PHIL-350TM Topics in Philosophy: 'Philosophy of Time'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Does time flow? What is the difference between the future and the past? Is time travel possible? This course will survey the major topics in the philosophy of time from Augustine's Confessions and the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence to relativity theory. Along the way we will take up philosophical issues regarding the relevance of intuition, the nature of causation, determinism, and freedom, and the relationship between science and philosophy.

Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
Other Attribute(s): Writing-Intensive
N. Emery
Prereq: 8 credits from the Philosophy department.

PHIL-375 Philosophy of Film

An examination of different theoretical issues concerning the nature of film and film viewing. Topics vary yearly.

PHIL-375AV Philosophy of Film: 'Artists vs. Audiences'

Not Scheduled for This Year. Credits: 4

Usually, an artist produces a work, and then an audience experiences that work. However, sometimes audiences influence what a work means and even how an ongoing story unfolds. This course focuses on works of popular, serialized art in which the possibilities for artist/audience interaction are great, and so is the potential for conflict. We look at serial novels, film series, television shows, and new media (such as TikTok), among others. What are the rights of artists to control their works? What rights do audiences have to alter or create new works based on an existing work? What should we do when these rights conflict? What makes a "bad fan" bad? When do audiences become artists?

Crosslisted as: FMT-330AV
Applies to requirement(s): Humanities
J. Harold
Prereq: 8 credits in Philosophy or 4 credits in Philosophy and 4 credits in Film, Media, Theater.

PHIL-395 Independent Study

Fall and Spring. Credits: 1 - 8

The department
Instructor permission required.